Green/blue screens are based on the idea of chroma-keying. The idea is that a specific color is chosen and replaced by a different color/background.
Blue screens are used in place of green screens because it's generally easier to chroma-key. The color is softer than in a green screen. However, green screens are still more commonly used because of multiple reasons. One of them being the fact that some people like to wear blue clothing. Green screens are also more commonly used because of the color green being the highest luminescence of all the color channels (RGB). Green screens are very bright, but because of the high luminescence, there is also a high level of light reflection from a green screen, resulting in "green spill".
Green spill is when there is so much light reflection that some color reflects onto your subject as well. Green spill is very problematic, and is usually best fixed before shooting by watching your lighting, and chroma-key background.
Before and after
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